981. Time Based Key-Value Store

Medium

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Design a time-based key-value data structure that can store multiple values for the same key at different time stamps and retrieve the key's value at a certain timestamp.

Implement the TimeMap class:

• TimeMap() Initializes the object of the data structure.

• void set(String key, String value, int timestamp) Stores the key key with the value value at the given time timestamp.

• String get(String key, int timestamp) Returns a value such that set was called previously, with timestamp_prev <= timestamp. If there are multiple such values, it returns the value associated with the largest timestamp_prev. If there are no values, it returns "".

Example 1:

Input
["TimeMap", "set", "get", "get", "set", "get", "get"]
[[], ["foo", "bar", 1], ["foo", 1], ["foo", 3], ["foo", "bar2", 4], ["foo", 4], ["foo", 5]]
Output
[null, null, "bar", "bar", null, "bar2", "bar2"]
Explanation
TimeMap timeMap = new TimeMap();
timeMap.set("foo", "bar", 1);  // store the key "foo" and value "bar" along with timestamp = 1.
timeMap.get("foo", 1);         // return "bar"
timeMap.get("foo", 3);         // return "bar", since there is no value corresponding to foo at timestamp 3 and timestamp 2, then the only value is at timestamp 1 is "bar".
timeMap.set("foo", "bar2", 4); // store the key "foo" and value "bar2" along with timestamp = 4.
timeMap.get("foo", 4);         // return "bar2"
timeMap.get("foo", 5);         // return "bar2"

Constraints:

• 1 <= key.length, value.length <= 100

• key and value consist of lowercase English letters and digits.

• 1 <= timestamp <= 107

• All the timestamps timestamp of set are strictly increasing.

• At most 2 * 105 calls will be made to set and get.

class TimeMap:
    def __init__(self):
        self.times = collections.defaultdict(list)
        self.values = collections.defaultdict(list)

    def set(self, key: str, value: str, timestamp: int) -> None:
        self.times[key].append(timestamp)
        self.values[key].append(value)

    def get(self, key: str, timestamp: int) -> str:
        i = bisect.bisect(self.times[key], timestamp)
        return self.values[key][i - 1] if i else ''