622. Design Circular Queue

Medium

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Design your implementation of the circular queue. The circular queue is a linear data structure in which the operations are performed based on FIFO (First In First Out) principle and the last position is connected back to the first position to make a circle. It is also called "Ring Buffer".

One of the benefits of the circular queue is that we can make use of the spaces in front of the queue. In a normal queue, once the queue becomes full, we cannot insert the next element even if there is a space in front of the queue. But using the circular queue, we can use the space to store new values.

Implementation the MyCircularQueue class:

• MyCircularQueue(k) Initializes the object with the size of the queue to be k.

• int Front() Gets the front item from the queue. If the queue is empty, return -1.

• int Rear() Gets the last item from the queue. If the queue is empty, return -1.

• boolean enQueue(int value) Inserts an element into the circular queue. Return true if the operation is successful.

• boolean deQueue() Deletes an element from the circular queue. Return true if the operation is successful.

• boolean isEmpty() Checks whether the circular queue is empty or not.

• boolean isFull() Checks whether the circular queue is full or not.

You must solve the problem without using the built-in queue data structure in your programming language.

Example 1:

Input
["MyCircularQueue", "enQueue", "enQueue", "enQueue", "enQueue", "Rear", "isFull", "deQueue", "enQueue", "Rear"]
[[3], [1], [2], [3], [4], [], [], [], [4], []]
Output
[null, true, true, true, false, 3, true, true, true, 4]
Explanation
MyCircularQueue myCircularQueue = new MyCircularQueue(3);
myCircularQueue.enQueue(1); // return True
myCircularQueue.enQueue(2); // return True
myCircularQueue.enQueue(3); // return True
myCircularQueue.enQueue(4); // return False
myCircularQueue.Rear();     // return 3
myCircularQueue.isFull();   // return True
myCircularQueue.deQueue();  // return True
myCircularQueue.enQueue(4); // return True
myCircularQueue.Rear();     // return 4

Constraints:

• 1 <= k <= 1000

• 0 <= value <= 1000

• At most 3000 calls will be made to enQueue, deQueue, Front, Rear, isEmpty, and isFull.

class MyCircularQueue:

    def __init__(self, k: int):
        self.q = []
        self.elements = 0
        self.k = k

    def enQueue(self, value: int) -> bool:
        if self.elements == self.k:
            return False
        self.q.append(value)
        self.elements += 1
        return True

    def deQueue(self) -> bool:
        if self.elements == 0:
            return False
        self.q.pop(0)
        self.elements -= 1
        return True

    def Front(self) -> int:
        if self.elements == 0:
            return -1
        return self.q[0]

    def Rear(self) -> int:
        if self.elements == 0:
            return -1
        return self.q[-1]

    def isEmpty(self) -> bool:
        return len(self.q) == 0
        

    def isFull(self) -> bool:
        return self.elements == self.k


# Your MyCircularQueue object will be instantiated and called as such:
# obj = MyCircularQueue(k)
# param_1 = obj.enQueue(value)
# param_2 = obj.deQueue()
# param_3 = obj.Front()
# param_4 = obj.Rear()
# param_5 = obj.isEmpty()
# param_6 = obj.isFull()